The riots in the
Paris suburbs highlights the many problems plaguing France's capital city, as
well as the rapidly changing face of the nation.

Population of
France: 61 million.

Population in
Paris and neighboring suburbs: There are more than 1.6 million immigrants living
in the Paris region.
Thirty-seven percent of all immigrants in France
live in the Paris region, according to 1999 census data. Twenty-eight percent
come from a European Union member country, 29 percent come from Northern Africa
(Morocco), 15 percent come from another African country, 17 percent come from
Asia and 7 percent come from a non-EU country.

Changing Face:
After WWII, France was in dire need of workers to catch up with other
industrialized nations. At first, immigrants primarily came from Italy and
Spain. Then they came from Northern African countries, Western African countries
and Portugal. In the middle of the 1960s, an economic crisis hit the country,
creating a glut of workers looking for jobs.
In 1974, the government
started limiting immigration, and the influx of immigrants dropped to 74,000 per
year in 1997 from a high of 220,000 per year in the early 1980s.
Many of
the men who had come to France to work brought over their wives and kids to live
with them in their adopted country. Immigrants -- especially those from Africa
-- had many more children than native French citizens, and often more than one
wife (a 1993 law cracked down on polygamous marriages).
At the end of
1994, there were about 5 million people of Muslim descent living in
France.

Crux of the
Problem: It is currently estimated that 40 percent of the French population
descends from these different waves of migrations, making France the most
ethnically diverse country in Europe. Nevertheless, the immigrants from other
European countries have had an easier time blending in (race and religion being
key), while the "non-European" groups have tended to assimilate at a slower
pace.

Difficult
Integration: Because of the difficulty integrating into French society, many
young males of African and Arab descent work for the lowest wages and often live
in ghettos where crime is rampant.
"Western Europe society has not
managed to integrate second- or third-generation immigrants," said Scott Atran,
Director of Research at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and
professor of psychology at the University of Michigan.
France has a
chronic problem of not knowing how to shrug off the "ossified economic and
political structure" that rules the country, he added.

Religion:
Roman Catholic - 83 to 88 percent; Protestant - 2 percent; Jewish - 1 percent ;
Muslim - 5 to 10 percent.

Unemployment
rate: 10.1 percent.

Unemployment
in the Paris "immigrant ghettos": 20 to 40 percent, according to varying
sources.
Most tourists never travel to these suburbs, but the commuter train
from the Charles-de-Gaulle airport to the center of Paris does stop at most of
these places.

Policing: A
lot of these "ghetto" suburbs lack security and policing. Gangs, running the
suburbs, have slowly pushed out police presence. In Seine-Saint-Denis, security
personnel have fallen from 468 in 2000 to 205 now, according to Le
Monde.

Housing
Shortage: As in many cities around the world, Paris rents have gone through the
roof. As a result, many people have been forced to move out or shack up in
dilapitated buildings. In 2004 more than 100,000 people competed for 12,000
available subsidized housing units in Paris, according to official figures.
Among the hardest-hit without housing are immigrants (legal and illegal.)